The Realities Of Human Trafficking Essay - 2253 Words

The Realities on Punishing Human Trafficking Crimes Out of the thousands of people that have been human trafficking victims each year, only an insignificant amount of them is actually reported. Imagine being in 8th grade. Having all sorts of hopes and dreams. Now flash forward to dreams being taken away by a pimp that lures people into human trafficking. In short, this is true for Holly Austin Smith, a survivor of human trafficking. The punishment for the pimps that ruin the lives of these young girls is not severe. Therefore, there is not much aid for the girls after they get rescued from this tragedy. A realization Holly had soon on and explains, â€Å"...Although I was soon recognized to be a victim, the specialized aftercare needed for a trafficking victim did not yet exist... Twenty years ago, there were no anti-trafficking laws in place. This pimp, who raped and lured a child into prostitution, served only 365 days in jail† (Smith). This young girl had recovered from this vile incident all by herself. Many other girl s in her position have gone through similar experiences and have been abused by their pimp. In addition, the pimp will not receive much punishment. A heartbreaking story repeated across America and is very prominent in other countries. In America, most of the time victims are the ones that usually serve time in jail since in some cases it’s considered prostitution, even if it was forced by the pimp. In most cases, the pimps stay uncovered and if theShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Human Trafficking1278 Words   |  6 PagesProspectus on Human Trafficking in the United States For my research paper, I will be explaining the issue of human trafficking in the United States and propose a course of action we can take to help combat the growth of this problem. Article 3, paragraph (a) of the United Nation s Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons essentially defines trafficking as the harboring or transportation of a person through any means, including force, threats, fraud, and coercion (42). Read MoreModern Day Slavery Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesMason Moran Mrs. Davis Government Period 9 February 14, 2013 Research Project: Human Trafficking â€Å"Modern Day Slavery† â€Å"SLAVERY was abolished 150 years ago, right? While it is true that slavery is illegal almost everywhere on earth, the fact is there are more slaves today than there ever were†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Despite the grim reality described in this quote, I believe Robert Alan successfully undermines a common misconception held by Americans, both young and old. Although we are brought up thinking thatRead MoreModern Day Slavery: Human Trafficking 866 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Borne Connections.) Human trafficking is the modern day slavery, it involves taking control over a person through force, fraud or coercion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation. or both (â€Å"What† par.1). This is become the sad reality for many, approximately three out of every 1,000 people worldwide are being forced into this such slavery. Victims of human trafficking are people of all backgrounds and ages, no one is safe from the dirty hands of human traffickers. Every yearRead More Human Trafficking : The Illegal Act Of Trading Humans1157 Words   |  5 PagesTH 2pm Final Draft Human trafficking is the illegal act of trading humans for any type of forced behavior, such as prostitution or labor. It is estimated by the United Nations that four million people around the world are victims of human trafficking each year. This global issue needs to be better controlled by foreign and domestic cooperation and awareness. One of the most important things to know about human trafficking is the different forms. While sexual human trafficking is the most commonRead MoreHuman Trafficking : South East Asia908 Words   |  4 PagesHuman trafficking is still lingering in South-East Asia as of today, and we do not expect to leave any time soon in the near future. The reality is that South-East Asian countries are mainly â€Å"affected by domestic trafficking or trafficking from the neighboring countries† (UNODC, 2014). There is an approximate â€Å"12 to 27 million people enslaved and exploited by human trafficking†, which this crime network brings in approximately â€Å"$30 billion dollars annually† (Collins, 2014). It is detected that todayRead MoreSex Trafficking A History That Trafficking1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of trafficking goes back much further than one would think. Donna Hughes explains in her article Combating Sex trafficking a history that trafficking really st arted in England as early as 1875. Even though this article suggests that human trafficking started as early as 1875, we have learned in class from the Sugar changed the world: a story of magic, spice, slavery, freedom, and science that it goes way further back than that. This movement in 1875 only affected women at the time. ThisRead MoreThe Article Child Trafficking Thailand : Prevention And Prosecution Challenges `` By Ross Michael Pink851 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"Child Trafficking in Thailand: Prevention and Prosecution Challenges†, published in 2013 by Ross Michael Pink, examines the intersect of poverty, marginalization and entrenched patterns of corruption of Thailand’s Police and Judiciary System, that enables an environment for child trafficking. Despite Thailand being a signatory of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC 1989), the country fails to comply to Articles 34 ad 35 of the Convention—that State Parties p rotectRead MoreHuman Trafficking Has Become A Meaningless Term `` By Noah Berlatsky852 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article, Human Trafficking Has Become a Meaningless Term† by Noah Berlatsky, the author argues that human trafficking is not modern-day slavery, and that â€Å" politicians and activists often abuse it to push for punitive laws or to incite moral panic†. (Berlatsky) It is apparent that the author s agenda is to rationalize his position on legalizing prostitution by downplaying the reality of sex trafficking. For example, Berlatsky depicts human sex trafficking as a concept thatRead MoreSex Trafficking And The United States1672 Words   |  7 Pagesterm human sex trafficking, they think of heinous acts that take place in other countries where adults, children, girls and boys are exploited to perform sexual acts in exchange for money or goods against their will. They think it typically occurs in places that are less developed than the United States. However, the reality of this horrific crime is that it is taking place in the United States, and it occurs more and more each and every day. Young girls are not solely the victim of human sex traffickingRead MoreDomestic Human Sex Trafficking in the United States1300 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Human Sex Trafficking in the United States Human sex trafficking and its sister category, Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking also referred to as DMST, (Kotrla,K. 2010) is the most common form of modern day slavery. In the United States there are an estimated 293,000 youth who fall under high risk factor or DMST (Walker-Rodriguez, A. Hill, R. 2011). Many men prey on the at risk youth to make a fortune for themselves. DMST exposes the youth to a life filled with violence, abuse that is both

The Ethics Of A Code Of Ethics - 1648 Words

Introduction Any organization operating in the global marketplace is subject toscrutinyy in the way it does business. This scrutiny can be both internal and/or external to the organization, with the advent of the internet and social media any infraction by an organization can be made public within seconds of it surfacing. To help offset negative public relations and to foster a working environment that employees, managers and major stakeholders can be proud of, codes of ethics are created as a set of guidelines for every involved stakeholder to follow and adhere to. In his conclusion (Lambert, 2009) states that the development and subsequent implementation of a code of ethics is a critical part of establishing a value system within the commercial crime prevention discipline. He further goes on to say that, as a value system, the success of this endeavor lies not in whether the code makes staff behave, but rather more importantly, that each of them develops his or her own moral compass to do the right thing. As stated in their article (Duggan Woodhouse, 2011) that a bottom-up approach to creating a code of ethics was an important preventative effort to help lessen the odds of ethical stumbles and was adamant that in order for a code of ethics to pack a punch, there should be some substantial input from the employees as a way to arrive at a set of codes that would be meaningful and relevant to employees. Google is one of the leading and most prestigious organizations inShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics : Code Ethics1334 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CODE OF ETHICS 1 CODE OF ETHICS 5 Code of Ethics Hieu Le Columbia Southern University Code of ethics is the most essential aspect of the society that organizations and individuals need to fulfill and apply this aspect in their workplaces and families in order to achieveRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics912 Words   |  4 Pagesessential for the organization to have a strong code of ethics to ensure all employees understand the ethical expectations of the organization. The code acts as a guide for employees to ensure they apply ethical decision making in the workplace. As the manager you will play an essential role in disseminating this information to employees as well as ensuring they are in compliance with the code. Employees must understand the consequences of failing to uphold the code and the importance of reporting ethicalRead MoreEthics Of The Code Of Ethics946 Words   |  4 PagesIt is a violation of the code of ethics and they don’t consequentially suggest lawful accountability or infringement of the law. Such strength of character can be capable of simply be situated in the perspective of lawful and official procedures. Unproven infringements of the code of ethics would be questioned to a colleague assessment procedure. Such procedures exist in general unconnected on or after lawful or organizational processes and shielded on or after the lawful assessment or proceduresRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesCode of Ethics Implementation A Code of Ethics is regarded as the written guideline to the moral constitution of an organization ( ). The Code of Ethics (Appendix A) outlines the rights, duties, responsibilities, and a benchmark for the organization and its evaluation (Mihai Alina, 2013). It contains behavioral principles and rules of conduct that aids in the decision-making processes and balances the stakeholders expectations and interests against corporate responsibilityRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesCode of Ethics A code of ethics/conduct is an important part of an organization. It clarifies the organization s mission, values and principles, linking them with standards of professional conduct. According to CSUGlobal.edu (n.d.), ethics is the study of good and bad behavior and a person is acting ethically, they are doing what is right. Additionally, ethics require that a person conforms to a higher standard of behavior than the law requires. A code of ethics is an open disclosure for the wayRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics815 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding no windows or running water - were against his personal definition of right, good and fair. Even though the case study does not describe clearly, one could easily assume that these practices do not comply with the key values and the code of ethics and conduct that Felipe’s company is likely to have. The fact that Felipe was immediately shocked with the labor conditions shows that it goes against what his company practices in his hom e country, triggering the filters of â€Å"policies† and â€Å"universal†Read MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics1203 Words   |  5 Pagesissues will arise that will force you to educate yourself further with the AAMFT Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics are beneficial to the well-being of the therapist and can prevent them from getting into a legal bind. I will be discussing the outcomes to several issues given, and also addressing what I would do personally when faced with these oppositions. The questions require me to constantly review my AAMFT Code of Ethics and apply them to the issues that have arisen. I will have to consult withRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Code Of Ethics1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe value of integrity is another important aspect of the NASW Code of Ethics. It is essential that social workers develop a relationship built on trust and righteousness. It has been suggested that through a â€Å"minimum combination of training and ongoing support (supervision, consultation, and coaching), preferably extended with booster sessions,† (Goense, Boendermaker Yperen, 2015, p. 69), a social worker can develop an effective relationship full of integrity. According to the National AssociationRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction. This code is important for our employees, customers, shareholders and partners. This code explains and summarizes our stander that protects the company s reputability and its business from any risk. Moreover, it shows how we deal with our partners. We believe that our success depends on the actions of our members and partners. Because of that, we are committed to make sure that everyone in our company is compliance with this Code and other law. †¢ Binding scope. This Code of Ethics is writtenRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics1457 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics A business code of ethics is a series of established principles an organization uses when operating in business or society. Organizations often develop these codes to ensure that all individuals working in the company operate according to the same standards. Most individuals have an internal code of ethics or moral principles they follow in life. A situation one individual finds ethically reprehensible may not seem so to another individual. Using a code of ethics in business attempts

Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes Free Essays

Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes Lisa Moore University of Phoenix Ethics in Justice and Security CJA 530 March 23, 2010 Roger Long J. D. Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes The term deception means the deliberate act of misleading an individual some may refer to deception as â€Å"little white lies. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Deception has long been used in the criminal justice area by officers in the detecting process of criminal cases, and is one of the most commonly used tools in the investigative process. Investigators use deception in the detecting process. This involves misleading criminals during the investigative and interrogative stages, to gather enough information about the crime that only the suspect would know to arrest the suspect, and then present the case to the court. There are three stages of deception, the investigation, then interrogation, and finally the testimonial. â€Å"Hard and fast rules limiting police conduct may challenge common sense, while the absence of such rules may invite arbitrary and abusive conduct. This paper discusses one of the most troubling and difficult questions pertaining to the ideal of legality: To what extent, if at all, is it proper for law enforcement officials to employ trickery and deceit as part of their law enforcement practices† (White, 1979)? â€Å"Whatever the answer to that question if, indeed, an answer be formulated it has to be measured against a hard reality of the criminal justice system. That reality is: Deception is considered by police–and courts as well–to be as natural to detecting as pouncing is to a cat† (Skolnick, 1975). Deception is generally allowed during the investigative stage of detection, as it is to the courts but is less tolerated during interrogation and rarely suitable or accepted during court proceedings. â€Å"Here, police are permitted by the courts to engage in trickery and deception and are trained to do so by the police organization. The line between acceptable and unacceptable deception is the line between so-called entrapment and acceptable police conduct† (Chevigny, 1969). â€Å"Within an adversary system of criminal justice, governed by due process rules for obtaining evidence, officers will deceive suspect to get the truth. The contradiction may be surprising, but it may be inevitable in an adversary system of justice where police perceive procedural due process norms and legal requirements as inconsistent obstacles to truth for the commission of crime† (Skolnick, 1982). Deceptive interrogation strategies present intriguing ethical questions. While brutal or otherwise physically coercive means are no longer commonly used by police officers to obtain confessions, officers regularly use deception as an interrogation strategy. During interrogations officers will use psychological persuasion and manipulation. Officers are authorized to trick and lie to get a so called voluntary confession. The use of deception in interrogation is a simple â€Å"routine in almost every law enforcement agency and it remains routine because it is effective: When the suspect is talking with police, deception frequently breaks the suspect down and elicits confession† (Obenberger, 1998). â€Å"Although these tactics have been criticized by the United States Supreme Court (Miranda v. Arizona) nevertheless the Supreme Court has never squarely banned the practice, and it sometimes justifies deceptive practices under the name strategic deception. Miranda forbids coercion in questioning a suspect it does not bar† (Obenberger, 1998) mere strategic deception by taking advantage of a suspect’s misplaced trust in one he supposes to be a fellow inmate. To better understand how deception works here is an example: â€Å"A burglary is being investigated at a local store. During an interview of the suspect, he is told that there is a video recording of him inside of the store taking a car stereo and shoving it into his pants. The suspect tells the investigator that not only did he make it out of the store with the stereo he also tells him that he entered the store with the intent to take it in the first place; making the crime felony. What the investigator did not tell the suspect was that the video only showed him concealing the stereo and nothing else† (Obenberger, 2008). â€Å"Testimonials during court hearings are performed under oath, hence the statements of an individual being examined are assumed to be true and no other statement should be falsified or forged. When the officer does not pronounce the truth in court, he or she is still capable of providing a reason for his deception, based on a substitute arrangement, such as when he or she is operating as a witness to the prosecution and is not considered as the defendant in a court case. However, it is also required that the officer is conscious of the rules of the court system that he or she has sworn to tell the truth during examination† (Chevigny , 1969). â€Å"It is difficult to prove a causal relationship between permissible investigative and interrogatory deception and testimonial deception. Police freely admit to deceiving suspects and defendants. They do not admit to perjury, much less to the rationalization of perjury. There is evidence, however of the acceptability of perjury as a means to the end of conviction. The evidence is limited and fragmentary and is certainly not dispositive† (Skolnick, 1982). â€Å"Deception is nothing more than planting a seed and letting the suspect fill in the blanks. The most important part of using this technique is that in using it, you do not elicit a confession from an innocent person. One of the greatest examples of deception is Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U. S. 291(1980). In January of 1975, a taxi driver was shot and killed by a shotgun blast at the base of his head. One week later, another taxi driver reported that a man wielding a shotgun had robbed him. Police prepared a photo lineup of the possible suspect and the second taxi driver identified him. A patrol officer located the suspect later in the morning. Minutes later, a Sergeant arrived at the scene of the arrest and read the suspect his rights per Miranda. The suspect invoked his rights by saying I want to speak with a lawyer† (Obenberger, 2008). â€Å"The sergeant detailed three officers to transport the suspect to the central station. After leaving the scene, the officers started talking amongst themselves about being worried that the missing shotgun was in the vicinity of a school for handicapped children and that they should continue to search for the weapon. It was also said by one of the officers, â€Å"It would be too bad if a little girl would pick up the gun and maybe kill herself. The suspect told the officers that they should turn the car around and he would show them where the gun was. When they arrived back at the scene, the sergeant again advised the suspect of his rights per Miranda. The suspect showed the officers where the shotgun was† (Mike, 2008). â€Å"There was a hearing in order to suppress the shotgun. The suspect’s attorney said that because the officers were talking in the presence of the suspect, and that he was in custody, the officer’s conversation amounted to an interrogation. The court found that it was not an interrogation and the shotgun was allowed. The suspect was subsequently convicted of murder and the case was appealed. The Supreme Court found that the suspect was not interrogated within the meaning of Miranda. It was undisputed that the first prong of the definition of interrogation was not satisfied, for the conversation between the patrolmen included no express questioning of the suspect. Rather, the conversation was, at least in form, nothing more than a dialogue between the officers to which no response from the suspect was invited. This matter could have been argued either way. Some would say that the conversation between the officers was intended to reach into the conscience of the suspect in order to get him to tell where the weapon was† (Obenberger, 2008). â€Å"Deception is incredibly effective on the criminal because this form of interview can actually reach into the conscience of a suspect because they still have a sense of what is right and wrong. This method also allows the investigator to uncover the motivation behind the crime. The courts, while not necessarily supporting deception, do not inhibit it either. It is a very valuable tool† (Mike, 2008). â€Å"The negative side of deception is that when pitted against a suspect who isn’t responding, the investigator might be inclined to go further and further with the method until such a point when getting the confession or evidence becomes more important than how it is obtained. Again, that’s where the line between legality and illegality exists. The most important aspect of using deception in an interview or interrogation is to be honest on the witness stand. There is nothing wrong with deception during an interview of a suspect but when it comes to testifying in court, tell the truth† (Mike, 2008). References Chevigny, Paul (1969) â€Å"Police Power† New York: Pantheon p. 139 Retrieved March 21, 2010 Mike (2008)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Simply A Night Owl†Ã‚  Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http://stillanightowl. wordpress. com Obenberger, J. D. (1998) â€Å"Police Deception† The Law and the Skin Trade in the Windy City Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http://www. madmuse. com Obenberger, J. D. (2008) Deception in the Investigation of Crime- Deception Retrieved March 21, 201 Skolnick, Jerome (1975) â€Å"Justice without Trial† 2nd ed. New York: Wiley Sons, p. 177 Retrieved March 21, 2010 Skolnick, J. (1982,  Summer/Fall) â€Å"Deception by Police† Criminal Justice Ethics, Vol. 1 (No. 2) Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http://www. lib. jjay. cuny. edu White, Welsh S. (1979) â€Å"Police Trickery in Inducing Confessions,† U. Pa. L. Rev. 127 (1979): 581-629; Retrieved March 21, 2010 How to cite Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes, Papers

Adoption of Cloud Computing In Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Adoption of Cloud Computing In Business. Answer: Introduction: Cloud computing is the new solution that has appeared in the IT field during the past few years and it is not possible for any IT business to ignore it because cloud computing will be allowing the companies to outsource their data, through the medium of servers electronically they can mail, folders and various other applications via a virtual platform which is actually connected to them and these can be accessed from anywhere and at any time (Al-Ayyoub et al., 2015). The only thing that is required is just you need to have an internet connection available to you. The cloud computing has some impact on the businesses which will bring changes not only in terms of the performance of the company globally but also in relation to the internal organization mainly with respect to the IT department. Due to the availability of this opportunity, it is altering the methods that are usually used for backing up the data where new tools and new perspectives are brought by the cloud computing with r espect to evolution for the enterprise whichever is using it (Chou, 2015). The term cloud computing actually means that the data has been stored and it can be accessed with the help of the internet, but not by using any other traditional method from the hard drive of the computer (Chong, Wong Wang, 2014). During the days of flowcharts and presentations itself, the cloud computing has its origin, which was representing the infrastructure of servers of the internet. When the data is stored or programs are run from the hard drive local storage and computing come into the picture so the users will be able to access the data easily and fast. The advantages of cloud computing for business While implementing the cloud computing the developers will be having the following objectives in mind about the security: The data that have been provided by the customers are required to be protected from the access that is not authorized, it should not be disclosed or should not be altered. From the supply chain, they have to offer the protection The resources of infrastructure are required to be protected from the access that is not authorized The browsers of the internet are to be protected from the attacks The responsibilities of customer and provider are to be well defined so that the safety of the data is properly assured The customers should have the option of creating the accounts and transferring the data from one to another service provider without facing any kind of difficulties (Etro, 2009). The businesses have some strategy which will be representing the methods with the help of which the companies will be putting their foundation with respect to their goals, mission and are creating plans and projects after which they will be investing the time and money for making their plans come true. While adopting the business strategies the company strategy is to touch the objectives of the long term by merging the activities of various departments (Fernndez et al., 2014). Disadvantages of cloud computing for business Along with having many advantages in cloud computing it also accompanies some kind of disadvantages. The first thing is that without the internet there is no cloud computing so it is dependent. On the second go if the connection of the net is down, then the whole system of the cloud will not work which will affect the business processes. So internet connection should be constantly maintained in the business to run continuously without any interruption otherwise the user will not be in a position to access their files. The case would be same if the speed of the internet is low (Gonzlez-Martnez et al., 2015). The major concern in the cloud and the attacks of the cloud are security which has become the actual concern. Hence business organizations have to be alert if they are stored in the cloud storage against it being attacked. The advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing on business have been described in this paper. For overcoming the disadvantages some kind of solutions are a lso provided in the paper. This is used in the form of secondary research where the data has been collected from conference papers, journal papers that have been published (Gupta, Seetharaman Raj, 2013). In this literature review the research papers, journals and the articles that have been published in relation to the research topic the Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing for Business (Garrison, Wakefield Kim, 2015) are discussed. Cloud computing impact on IT industry and revenue From the review and analysis of the research paper impact of cloud computing on IT industry from November 2012, the authors have been discussing regarding the three key services that can be offered by the cloud computing (IaaS, SaaS, PaaS) and additionally the interrelationship and interdependency on the preliminary technology have been presented by them. In this research paper, a discussion regarding the changes that are bought by cloud computing is also presented and what kind of impact it has on the IT industry is also discussed (Hashem et al., 2015). As all the data is stored in the server the service provider will make sure of the security and the administration of data and the users will be having better access to the data on the easy way. To the fact of getting a better flow of information cloud computing would be the best way for the company in between the employees because if a company is making a decision of using the cloud computing, which is offering the services of transfer, storage and for creation of data then they can choose which employee will be having the access to that particular part of the data that has been stored on the server (Jamshidi, Ahmad Pahl, 2013). No further care is required to take care by the company with respect to the security of the data that has been stored in the cloud as the service provider will perform this activity for them. For the security of the cloud, there are no concrete laws they are still in the process of development as this not protecting the privacy of customers that great. For instance, people are storing pictures and information regarding them in Facebook which can be accessed by a lot of users and even they can use them (Mezgr Rauschecker, 2014). The companies of all sizes can get help from the cloud computing platforms for increasing their revenue by reducing the costs of IT due to the investments made in the hardware and software of IT will decrease [D. Eisner, June 2014]. However, cloud computing will be having an impact on the companies in a positive way which will decide on adopting this technology because it can help in the growth of the company in the market by making use of their services which is required for the company where it has to pay only ones for those (Nkhoma, Dang Souza-Daw, 2013). Cloud computing and the information flow in the organization As pay-as-you-go services with the help of the internet are offered by cloud computing flow of information will be coming with some security problems, but in turn, it will provide help to the companies in reducing the costs and also they will be able to access the information whenever it is required and from any place (Rahimi et al., 2014). The performance of the supply chain can be increased if in the company there is a sharing of positive information. After the company adopts the cloud computing an important issue is represented by the security for sharing of information because it is important for the companies to have a stable social capital and also the flow of information should be effective and efficient (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). In the market, there are some companies which are using the cloud computing as the method for expediting the flow of information between them and customers, but the correctitude of the information that has been transmitted might be affected by this technique as numerous individuals can have access to this information and can be modified in the cloud. For improving the flow of information the companies can use cloud computing as the method as it will bring some advantages for them such as price variation will be lowered, the strategies that have been applied to the business will be highly accurate (Sadiku, Musa Momoh, 2014). With the help of cloud computing flow of information can be processed by the business which can bring many positive effects for their business as it will provide help to the employees in improving their performances while on the other hand, it can even have some negative effects since numerous individuals will be accessing the information and the information can be affected or altered. How cloud computing is getting integrated into the company and what are the disadvantages or challenges in adopting it When cloud computing is adopted an important issue is regarding the synchronization of the data that is existing with the new system. When the developers start working with the new system they do not always have this issue in mind with regards to the cloud computing and this is a big disadvantage and challenging for the companies in integrating their information with that of the new one from the old system. If the organization is trying to adopt a new system then it has to be aware if the system is able to integrate the various programs without making any efforts extra (Sajid Raza, 2013) Even if there are many benefits associated with the adoption of cloud computing there were some challenges identified about its integration because a huge barrier can be represented by it in developing the applications that are web based and SaaS [Louis Columbus, 2014]. These two are known to raise the challenges as the number of services of SaaS is increasing and it has been noticed that all of these are not kept in mind issues related to this. As the other two types of cloud computing are being adopted by companies the market of the mobile application is in constant growth and on a daily basis the social media are used which means that there is a migration of data and processes from firewalls to cloud. The challenges such as flexibility, scalability, security, management and open platform can appear (Singh et al., 2015). For companies, the important issue is represented by cloud integration because all the data that is old has to be saved on the devices and if between the systems synchronization is not possible, then its a big task to transfer the information hence developers have to take care and pay more attention to this kind of problems. The other problem that is represented is very challenging with respect to the security of the information (Subramanian, Abdulrahman Zhou, 2014). Hence, while implementing the cloud computing the developers at the end has to analyze all the advantages and the disadvantages that are offered by each cloud and out of all, they have to choose the best cloud that would be helpful for the company in reaching their goals. Information management and improvement of knowledge are helped through cloud computing For instance, Amazon is the company which is presenting its products so that information can be accessed in real time and hence this is the reason behind the choosing of cloud based knowledge management by the company. The following are some of the features of cloud based knowledge management such as every information technology will be having some kind of default meanings and additionally it has got the benefits like low costs, operations efficiency is high. As every day new technologies are emerging the trends are to be kept with the companys internal and the knowledge management is considered to be an important area as this is the place where the companies will have to make investments when they are adopting the cloud. The infrastructure that is provided by the cloud is taken into account by the companies as the best and perfect way of gathering and distributing the knowledge among their employees (Yigitbasioglu, 2014). Hence, cloud computing is known to have very good and vast capabilities in giving access to the services of knowledge management, which will be helpful for the employees; while these capabilities will not be used in intra and inter-company business for knowledge management. For enterprise intelligence, business intelligence, strategic intelligence, market intelligence, and competitive intelligence the knowledge and knowledge management will be representing an important factor (Sajid Raza, 2013). In one of the journal papers, it has been presented on how knowledge will be helping a customer in getting great experiences while using the service of cloud computing. If the customer has made a decision of using cloud service for the fact that if there is an access to knowledge, it will be representing a huge point immediately because by this way their problems could be solved faster without requiring to put any kind of extra and big efforts in resolving them. For the company, it even has advantages because the sharing of information and skills are done at a faster pace and in an easy manner among the employees (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). At the same time, the correct and appropriate information can be given at the right moment and the information that has been shared can be stored and controlled as specific people can only have the access to some specific information at the right moment. In this research paper, in conclusion, it will be proved that in the organization the information and the knowledge management will be having a great impact because the significant growth will be known by the company [S. E. Arnold, March 2014]. It can be concluded by stating that if the company wants to adopt the cloud computing than it would be a positive taught because it has got many advantages out of various disadvantages. It is beneficial in a way where the company does not require taking any kind of care with respect to the maintenance of the system as the service provider will provide all kinds of infrastructure (Nkhoma, Dang Souza-Daw, 2013). Regarding the business impact of cloud computing will be having its own ups and downs as it is providing help for the companies for having growth in the market by making use of their services which have been developed already for them or which is providing help for them. When regarding security is spoken, on the other hand, there would arise some kind of issues because for getting an access to the folders that do not belong to them people are trying to get it where extra efforts are needed to be implemented by the service providers for solving this kind of issues. For companies, even from the knowledge and information management many issues are being represented due to the fact that it is providing help to the employees and the customers in getting access to the correct information at the correct time without making an extra effort so most of them are using cloud computing. This would be helpful for the companies in reducing the costs and eventually improving the work in the company. Also, only because a less number of people can get access to the information that is sensitive here the privacy and security are respected and the risks leading to hacking are quite low (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). References Al-Ayyoub, M., Jararweh, Y., Daraghmeh, M. and Althebyan, Q., 2015. Multi-agent based dynamic resource provisioning and monitoring for cloud computing systems infrastructure. Cluster Computing, 18(2), pp.919-932. Chou, D.C., 2015. Cloud computing: A value creation model. Computer Standards Interfaces, 38, pp.72-77. Chong, H.Y., Wong, J.S. and Wang, X., 2014. An explanatory case study on cloud computing applications in the built environment. Automation in construction, 44, pp.152-162. Etro, F., 2009. The economic impact of cloud computing on business creation, employment and output in Europe. Review of Business and Economics, 54(2), pp.179-208. Fernndez, A., del Ro, S., Lpez, V., Bawakid, A., del Jesus, M.J., Bentez, J.M. and Herrera, F., 2014. Big Data with Cloud Computing: an insight on the computing environment, MapReduce, and programming frameworks. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 4(5), pp.380-409. Gonzlez-Martnez, J.A., Bote-Lorenzo, M.L., Gmez-Snchez, E. and Cano-Parra, R., 2015. Cloud computing and education: A state-of-the-art survey. Computers Education, 80, pp.132-151. Gupta, P., Seetharaman, A. and Raj, J.R., 2013. The usage and adoption of cloud computing by small and medium businesses. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), pp.861-874. Garrison, G., Wakefield, R.L. and Kim, S., 2015. The effects of IT capabilities and delivery model on cloud computing success and firm performance for cloud supported processes and operations. International Journal of Information Management, 35(4), pp.377-393. Hashem, I.A.T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N.B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A. and Khan, S.U., 2015. The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues. Information Systems, 47, pp.98-115. Jamshidi, P., Ahmad, A. and Pahl, C., 2013. Cloud migration research: a systematic review. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, 1(2), pp.142-157. Mezgr, I. and Rauschecker, U., 2014. The challenge of networked enterprises for cloud computing interoperability. Computers in Industry, 65(4), pp.657-674. Nkhoma, M.Z., Dang, D.P. and De Souza-Daw, A., 2013, May. Contributing factors of cloud computing adoption: a technology-organisation-environment framework approach. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Management Evaluation (pp. 180-189). Rahimi, M.R., Ren, J., Liu, C.H., Vasilakos, A.V. and Venkatasubramanian, N., 2014. Mobile cloud computing: A survey, state of art and future directions. Mobile Networks and Applications, 19(2), pp.133-143. Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016. Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Sadiku, M.N., Musa, S.M. and Momoh, O.D., 2014. Cloud computing: opportunities and challenges. IEEE potentials, 33(1), pp.34-36. Sajid, M. and Raza, Z., 2013, November. Cloud computing: Issues challenges. In International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and Trust (Vol. 20, No. 13, pp. 13-15). Singh, A., Mishra, N., Ali, S.I., Shukla, N. and Shankar, R., 2015. Cloud computing technology: Reducing carbon footprint in beef supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 164, pp.462-471. Subramanian, N., Abdulrahman, M.D. and Zhou, X., 2014. Integration of logistics and cloud computing service providers: Cost and green benefits in the Chinese context. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 70, pp.86-98. Xue, C.T.S. and Xin, F.T.W., Benefits and Challenges of the Adoption of Cloud Computing in Business. Yigitbasioglu, O., 2014. Modelling the intention to adopt cloud computing services: a transaction cost theory perspective. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 18(3).

Use and User Perception of Electronic Resources free essay sample

This has been underscored by the phenomenon of knowledge or information common in academic libraries, which refers to a specific environment in the library where a designated number of PC workstations are networked to databases and other e- resources are made available to students. Library users are no longer obliged to visit the library to meet all their information needs.They may search the librarys online catalogue; use a subject guide or database to access a citation from the internet or access a full text article from web-based journals; they may browse an electronic journal; fill out an interlibrary lending form; e-mail reference question via the ask-a-librarian service or borrow an e-book -? all by remote access. 11TH is the energetic name for several Institutes of Information Technology in India, each a mini university in itself. Many of these institutions have been subsequently renamed to identify their affiliations and goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Use and User Perception of Electronic Resources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The tests were conceived to be forerunners in the information technology education sector, at a time when India was going through a phase of unprecedented boom in the software industry (Years 1 998 2000). The course curriculum at these institutes is at par with similar offerings at the Computer Science departments of Indian Institutes of Technology. As per the 11 the five year plan in the Budget 201 1, Twenty Three (23) more Ill Its under the Public-Private Model, are to be launched soon for every major state of India.Mascot recently submitted a detailed project report to the Gobo. Of India on the establishment of new Lilts. If these are accepted, it could be quite a contrast to the functioning of existing higher learning institutes. The Mascot report has identified a major role for private organizations in terms of finance, faculty and resources. Pat players may play key roles in new institutes Each of the Ill TTS has been proposed to be set up as a fully autonomous institution, through the APP model. The partners setting up Ill TTS will be the Ministry Of Human Resource Development, the governments of respective states where each 11TH will be established and industry members. The report is learnt to have suggested that private organizations should play an equal or slightly greater role in bringing investment for the new Lilts. The locations of Lilts have been arrived at on the basis of how well connected they are in terms of transport and facilities and their prominence to industrial hubs.Considering the dire faculty crunch in the country, Mascot has made it clear that faculty members must be given alerts prevalent in the market. It has been suggested that each Ill T must have the autonomy to decide its own salary structure to compete with private educational institutes. Collaborating private organizations would be requested to send their experienced employees as visiting faculty members. A higher number of visiting faculty and faculty-exchange programmed with universities in Ind ia and abroad have been suggested. Private organizations are expected to collaborate with the Lilts for knowledge manpower, giving projects to students and for curriculum guidance. The associated company loud look into the role of private organizations and enabling optimum rate of returns for them. The development of the PhD programmer, according to one of the suggestions, is vital to the growth of Ill TTS as these doctoral students could be groomed for teaching positions in Ill TTS, creating a strong pool of candidates for top academic positions.It has been recommended that the undergraduate programmer of Lilts could be scaled up to 600 students, the post-graduate programmer could take about 400 students and the PhD programmer could have an intake of 1 00 students. A faculty-student ratio of has been suggested. The report has suggested an integrated campus model and a hub-and-spoke campus model, depending on the TIT. Normally these institute offers degrees, at GIG, PEG and Doctoral levels, in following degrees offere d in Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering etc. .All the Tits have a well-equipped library with a variety of collections including e-resources like online databases, e- journals, e-books, full text articles, and websites, etc through LOGIC-Leone e- journals consortium, INDENT Consortium and N-LIST Consortium or any other insertions. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The faculties, research scholars and students of 11TH are mostly belonging to the subjects, Computer science, IT, Electronics and telecommunication; Electrical etc. Technological disciplines are professional subjects that require regular and constant study by teachers, students and researchers.Teachers usually depend upon the libraries to prepare themselves for taking classes and guide scholars. They are required to go through not only print resources but also electronic resources. The 11TH libraries are well equipped and member Of various consortium. They provide various e-resources such as online journals, e books, online databases, CD ROOM databases and facilities of OPAC and Web OPAC. Usually the users of these libraries are computer savvy and acquaint with various e-resources.The present study will confine with this hypothesis and to study how far these libraries provide various e-resources and services to avis users. Finally the users may not be acquainted with the procedures to locate and retrieve the right and accurate information in less time from the various e-resources. Hence they require some sort of training such as information literacy programmer) OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The study was to be undertaken to analyses the effectiveness of e-resources provided by Ill T libraries in India for its faculty members and research scholars in different faculties.Specific objectives of the study are: 1 . To know the awareness of e-resources among the users of Ill T Library; 2. To study the degree of utilization of e-journals by the users of 11TH Library 3. To determine the level of satisfaction of the users on e-resources; and to examine the effectiveness of e-resources in upgrading the faculty members ND research scholars in their profession. 4. To study the availability of CIT infrastructures in these libraries. 5.To find out the different search strategies of the target audience for obtaining relevant information find out the existing e-resources facilities in these libraries and to study how far these resources are useful and effective for its users. 7. To access and find out how far the users area competent to locate and use e-resources. 8. To study the factors encouraging the e-resources particularly to find out whether the information literacy programmer are being provided by these libraries.SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The present research study is proposed to bring within its confines the faculties and research scholars of all the 17 Lilts located at different places across India. SIZE OF THE SAMPLE For the purpose of present investigation, it has bee proposed to include all the 17 Its existing in India and the faculties and research scholars working there in. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Harridans and Shanghaied on a survey conducted at National Social Science Documentation Centre (NANOSECOND) reveal that majority of the users which include research scholars and scientists were aware of most of the electronic resources.Sexagenarians, Bulgarians, and Subordination that among nine departments in Binary Amman Institute of Technology (BAIT), co mputer science and engineering users use the electronic journals highest (17%) followed by information technology (1 6%), computer applications (1 5%), electrical and electronics engineering (12%), electronics and communication engineering (1 0%), mechanical engineering (9%), biotechnology (8%), Civil engineering (7%) and textile technology (6%). Several and Supernaturalism that with regard to the satisfaction of users on the adequacy of e-resources provided by Benedictory University Library, 70. 59 % of users were satisfied while 29. 41% ware not. Razz and Payday found that that all the researchers were aware of e-journals in Aligarhs Muslim University. Many research scholars were consulting e-journals from their departmental labs and computer centers, not only for research purposes but also to update their own knowledge and skills.However, the study also revealed several problems, including lack obtaining and slow downloading. Mohamed and Shareholding that most (93. 40 per cent) of the doctoral dents had access to e-journals and a sizeable number (48. 83 per cent) of the male doctoral students used e-journals everyday. Most (73. 63 per cent) of doctoral students indicated that accessing full-text of articles was the major problem faced browsing e-journals. Surveillance that majority of respondents (3750%) made use of E-resources 2-3 times a week whereas only 40. 3% respondents made use of online databases. Paraphrases and Cumberland O observed that most of the research scholars searched printed journals and electronic journals. GIGS-Leone consortium was most lawful in fulfilling their Information needs. Hypo T H For the purpose of present study, the following hypotheses have been formulated to put the investigation in right track and the progress of investigation more scientific. 1. Faculty and research scholars who have more computer experience will be more likely to use the librarys electronic resources. 2.Users who visit the library more often are likely to use the librarys electronic resources. 3. Mostly the users devote time in surfing internet. 4. Faculties prefer e-resources in comparison to conventional resources in print form. METHODOLOGY To collect data, a questionnaire will be designed with questions like demographic characteristics, computer skills, frequency of use, satisfaction with e-resources, performance of the library in satisfying the needs of the faculty members and research scholars. Besides questionnaire method, observation and interview methods will also be adopted.The target population of this study was faculty members and research scholars from different faculties. The total population of faculty members and research scholars was 800 and 250 respectively. Proportionate stratified random impaling technique will be adopted for deriving sample population which constitutes 30 percent of total population from each category. Thus, a total of 31 5 questionnaires 240 for faculty members; and 75 for research scholars will be distributed. The questionnaire will be self-administered.SCHEME OF THE WORK It is proposed to organize the whole work in different chapters, inter alias, includes purpose, scope, methodology, origin and development, the conceptual frame work, information needs and seeking behaviors and use of electronic resources: There will be a review of literature which will determine OTOH quantity and quality of work done in the area. Since the study is primarily a user study, it will shed some light on user studies carried out at different levels in India and abroad. Besides it is essential to use tabulation, analysis and interpretation of relevant data along with the useful findings and suggestion.The present study will provide a b reak though to technological information environment. Thus, for the sake of convenience, the entire study would be dealt with in six broad chapters as follows: Chapter 1 : Introduction Chapter 2: Review of literature Chapter 3 : Research design Chapter 4: Usage of e-resources Chapter 5 : Users perceptions and expectations. From libraries Chapter 6: Analysis and interpretation of data Chapter 7 : Summary , suggestions and conclusion However, the aforesaid chapters are tentative and may be changed according to the requirement and progress of the investigation.STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES: The study has proposed to utilize and appropriate statistical technique so as to make the work statistically significant. After collection Of data and their necessary recording and tabulation, an appropriate statistical technique suitable to the needs of data collected will be selected and utilized at the take of analysis and interpretation. IMPLICATION OF RESEARCH The proposed research will act as a fact finding study to find out the existing CIT infrastruct ural facilities and services relating to e-resources provided to TIT users and whether these are as per the expectations and perceptions of these users.Further, this research will implicate, whether the library staff are competent enough to handle the CIT infrastructures and meet the users perceptions and expectations. This will also implicate how far the 11TH library users are using the e-resources provided to them and the constraints if any of TTS convenient use and the training if any provided to them by these libraries which will enhance their usage capability. F-anally the present study will boost the future researchers by providing the area which was not covered by this study for further research.CONCLUSION The development and delivery Of high-quality users service is an important goal for any libraries in higher education. The libraries are changing from storehouse of books to dynamic service center. In an academic library (engineering science and technology), the user needs the library services on a wide range of areas and anytime. The delay in giving the right information in right time may lead to delay in their research activity. Hence the professional librarians should always be a step ahead of their users.As a result, the professional librarian can identify the right documents to be procured, appropriate organization of documents to be undertaken and right information services to be developed . Alt can be concluded that the 11TH libraries need to provide web-based library and information services to the users under intranet and Internet environment. It is also noted that there is great desire among the users to implement the library and information revise through Institute website. There is also a need to plan an integrated training programmer for the users as well as the library staff for an effective utilization of services.A regular feedback from the faculty and students will also go a long way in improving the library services and their changing expectations can be met effectively. Finally It is imminent at this time to make such a study so as to identify the usage nature and characteristics and behavioral approaches of the users (faculty and research scholars), so that the real building of libraries attached to these institutions can be made by ending effective services in providing e-resources accessing and maximum usage as a result of proper utilization of Institute s funds and expenses meant for library purpose.

Free Essays on Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is a commonly used word in circles where ethnicity, inter-ethnic relations, and similar social issues are of concern. The usual definition of the term is â€Å"thinking one’s own group’s ways are superior to others† or â€Å"judging other groups as inferior to one’s own.† Ethnocentrism can be more specifically defined as, â€Å"making false assumptions about others’ ways based on our own limited experiences.† The key word is assumptions; because we are not even aware that we are being ethnocentric, we don’t understand that we don’t understand. The definition given above emphasizes that we make false assumptions based on our own limited experience. If our own experience is the only â€Å"reality† we have, then it is normal to assume it is the â€Å"natural† basis of reality. And our own ways work for us. Our perceptions of colors, values, our social roles, our beliefs about life and the universe, and all our other ways help us organize life experience and provide important meanings and functions as we move through daily and life span activities. It is normal to assume these provide a meaningful and functional basis for life in general. One example of ethnocentrism that I experienced during the week was the other day I pulled my car up to my apartment to drop off some groceries. As I was unloading the car the resident advisor had opened his door to see if his Chinese food had arrived. Usually food delivery people pull right up to your door. The R.A. told me he thought I was the person delivering his food because he heard the car and thought his food had arrived. As I was driving away someone pulled up to the door, at that moment my roommate said, â€Å"that must be his Chinese food,† he said this, and I though it to myself because the driver was Chinese. It turned out that it was the Chinese delivery person. This type of remark would be considered ethnocentric because it assumes that because, in this... Free Essays on Ethnocentrism Free Essays on Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism and values are like the spine of cultures. It separates culture from culture and how we look at each other. Ethnocentrism and values can bring good and bad, it may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or hostility toward members of other groups and is sometimes expressed in discrimination or violence. Values are those ideas and things considered important by a given group of people, values are no written laws, it’s what we as a culture find important. For example in the U.S it’s an important value to give or help the poor. This values change from culture to culture; other American values are personal achievement and success, hard work, faith in progress, efficiency, and practically since Americans comes from so many different cultural backgrounds, many people have values that are different from those of the majority. Ethnocentrism is the attitude and/or ideology concerning the relationship between an individual’s own group and other groups. E thnocentrism occurs when negative value judgments are made about others based on the differences between one’s own culture and a foreign culture. Ethnocentrism occurs when an individual considers his culture/nation to be absolutely superior to other nations or cultures. An AFS book that all AFS students get before they arrive to a their host country explains values and ethnocentrism with an interesting twist. They have a picture of an iceberg where 10% is over the water and 90% that you cant see is under the water. This illustrates the â€Å"hidden laws† or values of a culture. Since 90% of the â€Å"laws† are under the water it’s basically impossible to learn everything on a year, but it helps a great deal. There are thousands and thousands of unwritten laws, and they change from culture to culture. For example in Norway there is an unwritten law that says you should come home and eat dinner with your family, or as we saw in a movie clip about Saudi Arabia wher... Free Essays on Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is the feeling that one’s group has a mode of living, values and patterns of adaptation that are superior to those of other groups. It is coupled with a generalized contempt for members of other groups. Ethnocentrism may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or hostility. Violence, discrimination, proselytizing, and a verbal aggressiveness are other means whereby ethnocentrism may be expressed. Ethnocentrism can also be explained, as an attitude that one's own culture, society, or group is inherently superior to all others. Judging other cultures by your own cultural standards, and since of course other cultures are different, they are therefore inferior. Ethnocentrism means an inability to appreciate others whose culture may include a different racial group, ethnic group, religion, morality, language, political system, economic system, etc. It also means an inability to see a common humanity and human condition facing all women and men in all cultures and societies beneath the surface variations in social and cultural traditions.... Free Essays on Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is a commonly used word in circles where ethnicity, inter-ethnic relations, and similar social issues are of concern. The usual definition of the term is â€Å"thinking one’s own group’s ways are superior to others† or â€Å"judging other groups as inferior to one’s own.† Ethnocentrism can be more specifically defined as, â€Å"making false assumptions about others’ ways based on our own limited experiences.† The key word is assumptions; because we are not even aware that we are being ethnocentric, we don’t understand that we don’t understand. The definition given above emphasizes that we make false assumptions based on our own limited experience. If our own experience is the only â€Å"reality† we have, then it is normal to assume it is the â€Å"natural† basis of reality. And our own ways work for us. Our perceptions of colors, values, our social roles, our beliefs about life and the universe, and all our other ways help us organize life experience and provide important meanings and functions as we move through daily and life span activities. It is normal to assume these provide a meaningful and functional basis for life in general. One example of ethnocentrism that I experienced during the week was the other day I pulled my car up to my apartment to drop off some groceries. As I was unloading the car the resident advisor had opened his door to see if his Chinese food had arrived. Usually food delivery people pull right up to your door. The R.A. told me he thought I was the person delivering his food because he heard the car and thought his food had arrived. As I was driving away someone pulled up to the door, at that moment my roommate said, â€Å"that must be his Chinese food,† he said this, and I though it to myself because the driver was Chinese. It turned out that it was the Chinese delivery person. This type of remark would be considered ethnocentric because it assumes that because, in this... Free Essays on Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism â€Å"How can they eat rats? Those people are crazy!† Ethnocentrism is the belief that one race, religion, or belief system is better than another is. It can also be defined as judging another culture by our own standard instead of forming new standards. Though we are beginning to understand more and more cultures: we are judging these cultures by the standard we live by. Ethnocentrism keeps us from learning more about other cultures as well as learning more about ourselves. We as humans are ethnocentric. We make false assumptions based on our limited experience. If our own experience is the only â€Å"reality† we have, then it is normal to assume it is the â€Å"natural† basis or reality as we believe our own ways work for us. Our perceptions of colors, our time frames, our social roles, our beliefs about life and the Universe all help us to organize life experience and provide important meanings and functions as we move through daily activities. It is normal to assume that these provide a meaningful and functional basis for life in general. It is impossible to rid ourselves entirely of our values that make us ethnocentric. We use our own culture as the basis for the comparison to compare other cultures’ customs and behaviors based on our own. For example, while traveling in a foreign country, one might look at customary traditions as â€Å"wrong† or â€Å"unethical†. This is only because we look at this custom as different from what we are used to. Being ethnocentric in a foreign setting leads you to make false assumptions about the other people. Ethnocentrism leads us to misunderstand others. We distort what is meaningful and functional to other peoples through our own tinted glasses. We see their ways in terms of our life experience, not theirs. We do not understand that their ways have their own meanings and functions in life, just as our ways have for us. At the best, we can continue in our unawareness. Yet...

European Tourism effects on the Environment Essay

European Tourism effects on the Environment - Essay Example The UK for example has been a leading tourist destination for the past years and this trend never seems to wane. Although much of its natural, cultural sites suffered at first the UK has started various policies regarding the preservation of nature and in doing so, tourists help maintain their tourist spots indirectly. Other EU member country worth noting in terms of tourism is Italy and France which are located conveniently along the coasts of the Mediterranean. These two countries and others have accommodated millions of tourists annually, and some of the repercussions of these enterprises are evident right now. These areas are currently experiencing the drawbacks of past tourism ventures and are now seeking to rehabilitate their tourist spots which are situated near the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean itself is a prime tourist destination, but due to its peculiar characteristics, it been a victim of reckless, abusive tourism. Much of its marine life is suffering the effects of eu thropication and unmanaged solid and liquid wastes being dumped to it. When this carelessness continues, the Mediterranean will cease to be and there is a possibility that this unfortunate situation will also occur to other tourist spots. Tourism has not only made it big in Europe but also the rest of the world. ... In today's modern lifestyle, a vacation is viewed as a necessity rather than a luxury, as many international companies offer tourism packages to their employees as part of their wok benefits. Also, tourism has been more accessible today to the lower economic classes more than ever (Council of Europe, 2004). Tourism and the state of a nation's environment have a delicate relationship with each other. Sure tourism brings in a lot of revenues from tourists, but without an efficient means of environmental preservation the country's ecology and natural resources will suffer. The issue as to whether tourism affects the environment positively or negatively is put to debate recently (Kozyr, 2000). An excellent tourism program depends mainly on the soundness of a country's environment. There are guidelines set upon by the Fifth Programme as to what transport means, water supply, waste management practices etc. are to be taken up to by a tourism delegated area so that damage to the environment would be decreased (European Commission, 2005). Tourism is given special attention by the European Union for its future expansion and worker status. The E.U. has about 8 million people working on various sectors of tourism, a decent 5% of the whole workforce and GDP and an estimated 30% outside service trade. Cumulatively, if the transport and trade sectors are taken in consideration, tourism accounts for about 12% of GDP. The Tourism Unit of Directorate General Enterprise stresses the significance of tourism in Europe's economic success and it aims at tourist satisfaction, employee status, care for the environment and many more. The unit works closely with an Advisory Committee made up o f representatives from the various Member States and other associations such as

Descartes Discourse on the Thinking and Existence Essay

Descartes Discourse on the Thinking and Existence - Essay Example Descartes goes ahead to explore the origin of the human thinking ability in order to justify the perfection of knowing than doubting. He explains that by doubting we get to come up with explanations that lead to knowing. This leads him to the conclusion that the ideas of the imaginable things exist within him, but they do not originate from him, rather they are imposed on him by a more perfect being than him (God). The incorporation of Descartes existence with God is quite convincing. He argues that since he knew more than what actually existed in his conscience, then it meant the extra knowledge was derived from an external source. If the external source did not exist, it should mean that he could not have been the way he was; mortal, changing, finite and impotent. God according to him added unto him the perfection that he needed to erase doubt from his mind. So one’s nature will allow him/her to know as much of God’s nature as he/she could. Descartes in his quest to discover more about himself ends up proving that God exists. I agree with him because he clearly outlines man’s imperfections, thus looks up to God for guidance in almost everything. However, a person’s thinking limits them within a very short scope of imagination that they end up not questioning what they think is true. We are so much rooted in our cultures and superstitions until we are rendered intellectually impaired.  

Academic Integrity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Integrity - Assignment Example The present research has identified that a leader who has integrity also has the courage to differentiate right from wrong and to act on what he believes and stands for it. The signs of the leader having integrity are that he is honest not only to himself but also to the world, he learns from his mistakes and is also not afraid to accept his mistakes and speaking up when something wrong or out of the ordinary is observed. A Leader who has integrity engraved within him also becomes a role model for others and has the potential of affecting the world on a large scale. Hence, a person who demonstrates exquisite leadership skills with an added asset of integrity is bound to the road to success. Academic integrity is taught in many academic institutions in the form of moral conducts, it is mentioned in the universities websites. Moreover, students are given classes on how to practice it to the fullest. According to MSU, academic integrity means to submit authentic and genuine work and to praise people work by acknowledging them. The failure to comply with academic integrity leads to the failure of student and even dismissal of a student from the university. MSU has strict policies against academic dishonesty. It states various rules and regulation regarding academic dishonesty in research, the duties of a student regarding academic integrity etc. If a student is accused of conducting academic dishonesty, he is evaluated by his supervising teacher and is then given the penalty on the basis of his degree of dishonesty. The student may then appeal for a hearing. It is also the responsibility of the students to practice integrity in scholarships, grades, and standards of the professions.

Innovation And Open Innovation Concept Management Essay

Innovation And Open Innovation Concept Management Essay The concept of innovation is now widely used by the firms from many industries. Open Innovation is the approach where the firms use external ideas of innovation from the community and society as well as internal innovation. This approach can be achieved by the integration with customers, suppliers and also University-Industry collaboration. In Malaysia, open innovation paradigm is relatively new in adaptation event in manufacturing industry. The purpose of this research is to identify the implementation of open innovation on this research study is ICT, Automotive and Electronics sectors. The innovation process is the effective way of improving the company performances and at the same time increase the economic growth of the overall industries. The research method use is based on quantitative method research approach in term to identify types and methods used on implementing the open innovation in the manufacturing industries and also the impact of the implementation to the industries . Keyword: Open Innovation, Malaysia, Manufacturing, Industries. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Background of study Today, Open innovation are widely used and becoming the vital sources of progress in term of improving the industry performance especially by using the external sources of creativity and innovation. But In Malaysia, this paradigm is relatively new and the approach of Open Innovation is still difficult to accept. Innovation is one of the important mechanisms to the organizations in term to improve economic growth of the organization and increase the competitive advantages. Open Innovation is the paradigm that firstly described by Henry Chesbrough in his former book named as Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, published in 2003. In the simply words, open innovation explained as a process where the firms use external ideas of innovation from the community and society as well as internal innovation. By the approach of Open Innovation in manufacturing industry, the process of innovation is become wider than using closed model of innovation where the organization only focus on the internal innovation and R D rather than external sources. From this paradigm, the travels of knowledge from the society and community as an external source to industry will bring the formation of openness of giving ideas and innovation. This research study is focus on the implementation of open innovation in Malaysian manufacturing industry. This study is center on the degree of Open Innovation in manufacturing industries that only involve sectors of ICT, Automotive and Electronics. Based on the open innovation paradigm, the research question is concentrated to what types and methods of open innovation that implemented in manufacturing industry? This research question is answered based on the Malaysian Manufacturing Companies perspective. Research question These are the research question that qualified for this research study: What is the type of Open Innovation implemented in these firms? What is the method of open innovation implemented in these firms? To what extent is Open Innovation implemented in these firms? Does the Open Innovation implementation differ for each cluster of manufacturing companies? Objectives Innovation is a significant method of improving and increase the performance and competitive advantages of the company and opening a change for the community and society to get involved in the innovation process. The objectives of this research study are stated as: To determine the type of Open Innovation adopted by Manufacturing Industry. To investigate the methods for open innovation adopted by these firms. To determine the extent of Open Innovation implementation in these manufacturing firms. To investigate whether the implementation of Open Innovation differ for each clusters on manufacturing firm. Scope of study This study is limited to only Malaysian Manufacturing Industries from Automotive, electronics and ICT. The scope of topic discusses on this study is about the extent of open innovation implementation on the Malaysian manufacturing industry. Limitation of study Although this research study has reached the aims, there were unavoidable limitations. First limitation of the study on this topic is the open innovation approach itself. As know that open innovation paradigm is relatively new approach on the Malaysia industry but there are still companies already applied the open innovation paradigm. Second, the limitation considered is because of the time limit, this research was conducted in short period of times to complete all the primary and secondary data. The last one is the lack of cooperation from the respondent. The method used on this research study is via survey that distribute to the random respondent from the identified focus group. Importance of study Manufacturing industry is the major entity of the economic growth rather than other sectors. It is important to improve the capabilities of manufacturing industry by innovation. Open Innovation mechanism is the best way to help manufacturing industry in term to improve their performance and competitive advantages. The importance of this study is to identify the best methods used on performing the open innovation on the manufacturing industries in Malaysia. This study also can discover the impact of Open Innovation to the firms as well as ICT, Automotive and Electronics industries. Summary The implementation of open innovation is already become worldwide paradigm which changes the ways of industrial and organization to improve their competitive advantages and core competencies. Open innovation also become medium and gives changes to community and society to get involved in sharing ideas and knowledge of innovation CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction On the chapter of literature review, the researcher is able to discuss about the theory and the paradigm of the research study. According to (Saunders, et al, 2012), critical (literature) review is the detailed and justified analysis and commentary of the merits and faults of the literature within a chosen area, which demonstrates familiarity with what is already known about your research topic. For this chapter, the sources of literature and theories that relevant with the research study are gathered from the books, journals, magazines, thesis, newspaper and online articles. Based on the topic addressed, the major theories that used to complete the study are the open innovation paradigm. On the open innovation theory, there are lots of disciplinary under this term. For this chapter, the researcher will first defined the theories of innovation, open innovation and overviews of Malaysian Manufacturing Industry; ICT, Automotive and Electronics sector. Innovation and open innovation concept Innovation is one of the important catalysts to the sustainable organizational growth and performance. The term of innovation is already used over the century ago and innovation meaning is focus more on the changes or improvement made by the organization either to their product/services, processes and paradigm. In simple words, innovation is described as a change that is made to the product and services and also to the process. Innovation has a significant relationship between technology and knowledge. In order to create add values and changes based on the innovation, the component of new knowledge is a vital sources. According to Allan Afuah (2003), the new knowledge can be technological or market related. Technological knowledge is knowledge of components, linkages between components, methods, processes, and technique that to go into a product or services. Market knowledge is the knowledge about the distribution channels, product applications and customer expectation, preferences, needs and wants (Afuah, A. 2003: 13). Innovation Innovation is the use of new technological and market knowledge to offer a new product or service that customer want and the new product must new, lower cost and the attributes of the product are improved with the attributes that never existed in the market before (Afuah, A. 2003). The concept of innovation also defined as the process of making changes of something established by introducing something new that adds value to customers and contributes to the knowledge store of the organization (OSullivan, D. and Dooley, L. 2009). There are four (4) broad categories of innovation called as 4Ps of Innovation (Tidd, J. et al, 2005): 1. Product Innovation where classify as change in the things (products or services) which an organization offers, 2. Process Innovation is the changes in the ways in which they are created and delivered, 3. Position Innovation is the changes made in the context in which the products or services are introduced, 4. Paradigm Innovation is changes in the underlying mental models which frame what the organization does. In innovation mechanism, there are two (2) types of static model of innovation which is the Radical Innovation and Incremental Innovation. Radical innovation is defined as major changes that are made in something established (OSullivan, D. and Dooley, L. 2009) and incremental innovation is the innovation that uses existing forms or technologies as a starting point. Both types of incremental and radical innovation affect the technological and market-related competencies of a firm in different ways (Herzog, P. 2011: 10). Open Innovation For the open innovation theory, this theory is firstly described by Henry Chesbrough. Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology (Chesbrough, H, 2006). The paradigm of open innovation leads the research development to an open system. Open Innovation denotes, on the one hand, the use of external and internal knowledge sources to accelerate internal innovation and, on the other hand, the use of external paths to markets for internal knowledge (Chesbrough, H. 2006). On the modern worlds nowadays, most of everything in industry are made using machines and advance technology. So that, the production of new products and services are fast and also can be produced in huge amounts. In retailing, the advances in computing and communications are bringing retailers into closer contact with their customers as well as their suppliers, enabling them to provide more variety with fewer inventories than ever before (Chesbrough, H. 2006). On the modern era, Innovation paradigm has shift from the closed model of innovation to open innovation model (Chesbrough, H. et al. 2005). The closed innovation model is the paradigm where the process leading to innovation is completely controlled; all the Intellectual property is developed internally and kept within the company frontiers until the new products is released on the market (Meige, A. 2009). Figure : The model of Closed Innovation In case of closed model of innovation, the firm has to rely heavily on their internal core competencies and potential as a result of right of intellectual property. According to Philipp Herzog (2011), the implicit rules of closed innovation described as follows: A firm should hire the best and smartest people. Profiting from innovative efforts requires a firm to discover, develop, and market everything itself. Being first to market requires that research discoveries originate within the own firm. Being first to market also ensures that the firm will win the competition. Leading the industry in RD investments results in coming up with the best and most ideas and eventually in winning the competition. Restrictive Intellectual Property management must prevent other firms from profiting from the firms ideas and technologies. Figure : The Model of Open Innovation In open innovation models, the firms used the external sources technologies and knowledge to improve the internal innovation process and the firm also capable to commercialize the internal innovation via their own distribution channel by external pathways. The open innovation principle is the contrast and reflected to the closed innovation model. The principle of open innovation is shown as follows (Herzog, P. 2011: 22): A firm does not need to employ all the smart people, but rather work with them inside and outside the firm. Internal innovation activities are needed to claim some of the significant value which can be created by external innovation efforts. In order to win the competition, it is more important to have the better business model than getting to market first. Winning the competition does not require coming up with the best and most ideas, but to make the best use of internal and external ideas. Proactive Intellectual Property management allows other firms to use the firms Intellectual Property. It also considers to buy other firms Intellectual Property whenever it advances the own business model. The model of closed innovation on the present time are steadily eroded because of the several of reason such as when the employees of some company changes their jobs, they will bring together the knowledge and the knowledge then will flows from one firm to another. It is contrast to the open innovation model where the knowledge can be shared and gathered by the community and society that not directly involved with the organization. Malaysian manufacturing Industry The rate of Malaysian economic growth on the manufacturing industries increase rapidly since 1980s impact from the economic transition from agriculture based economy to an industrial-based economy. Economic transition occurs because of the awareness of the existing ability on the country. This mechanism can reduce the dependencies on the import sector of Malaysia to other countries and starting develop own national based technology sectors in term to bring a growth to the Malaysian economy. Manufacturing industries is the one of effort by the Malaysian government on their Ninth (9th) Malaysian Plan in term to emphasize the importance of up scaling manufacturing industry and related services. The government authorities that in-charge on leading and driving the expansion of manufacturing activities is the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). The others agencies and ministries are also playing important roles in improving the national manufacturing industries including Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE), Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA), Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMDEC), Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development and Ministry of Science. In this modern era, the development of manufacturing industries in Malaysia is improving a lot especially on the sectors of ICT, Automotive and electronics sectors. There are lots of efforts contributed by the private and government sectors in term to improve enhance the development of ICT, automotive and electronics industries in Malaysia. Adaptation of open innovation on Malaysian manufacturing industry This research study is focused on the investigation for open innovation implementation on the Malaysian manufacturing industry. The researcher is required to determine the manufacturing firms that involved in application of open innovation concept on their organizations. The random firms are selected from three (3) different sectors: ICT, Automotive and Electronics. In adapting the model of open innovation, there are various forms of collaboration identified for implementing the knowledge of innovation from the external sources. Eric von Hippel (1988) identified four external sources of useful knowledge: 1. Suppliers and customers, 2. University, Government and private laboratories, 3. Competitors and 4.Other nations. For this research study, the forms of collaboration are centered to the three (3) forms of collaboration specifically the Customer integration, supplier integration and university-industry collaboration (Parida, V. et al., 2009). Inbound versus outbound innovation In the open innovation concept, inbound open innovation refers to internal use of external knowledge and outbound open innovation is the external exploitation of internal knowledge (Huizingh, E. 2011: 4) and this mechanism relates to the three (3) knowledge process of exploration, retention and exploitation that can be performed either inside or outside the forms boundaries (Lichtenthaler and Lichtenthaler, 2009). The inbound open innovation or known as outside-in innovation process are using the concept of integration on external knowledge with the suppliers, customers, research institutes and universities. The outbound open innovation or called as inside-out is different than inbound concept where the firms will selling intellectual property and bringing their internal ideas to market by sharing them to outside environment (Huizingh, E, 2011: 27). The best example of inbound open innovation activities are technology scouting, horizontal technology collaboration, vertical technology collaboration, and technology sourcing. For the outbound open innovation the example is external technology commercialization. Conceptual Framework Figure : conceptual framework of the research topic Summary On chapter of literature review, the researcher is responsible to describe and explain about the theories that related to the topic of research study. The researcher has explained the definition and concept of traditional innovation and open innovation paradigm. This chapter also describe about the relationship between the manufacturing industries and open innovation. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY Introduction On this chapter, the research design methodology used on this research study will be described and explained. Research methodology refers to the theory of how the research should be undertaken (Saunders et al, 2012). The researcher will discuss and describe all the information related with the method used on the research study in term of obtaining and gathering the data collection. On chapter 3 (methodology), the method used due to gathering information of primary and secondary data are described and explained. Along with chapter 2, the researcher will determined the type of design method used to get the data of primary data and secondary data to answer the research question of the research study. Chapter 3 consists six (6) sections; Research design, research design method, data collection, location of study, research strategy and reliability, generalizability and validity. Research Design Research design is the general plan of the way on answering the research questions. According to Saunders et al., (2012) research design is the frame work for the collection and analysis of data to answer research question and meet research objectives providing reasoned justification for choice of data sources, collection methods and analysis techniques. Figure : Structure and Outline of the research study Research Design Method For this research topic study, the method of study implemented is the mono method of quantitative study. The quantitative analysis method as well as survey on this research study is significant in order to obtaining the primary data from the respondents. Quantitative method is The respondents are randomly selected from the main focus group (ICT, automotive and electronics) to answering the question related to the implementation of Open Innovation on Malaysian manufacturing industries. Primary and Secondary Data Sources Primary data is the data collected specifically for the research project that being undertaken by the researcher (Saunders et al, 2012). The primary data mostly collected from the several ways such as observations, experiments, surveys and interviews (Pervez Ghauri and Gronhaug, K. 2005: 102). The method used by the researcher in acquiring the primary data is by the survey that will be distributed to the random respondents of the focus group. The data and information are then collected and analyze by researcher to obtain result. According to the Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie (2010), the secondary data is the data that have already been gathered by previous researchers, data published in statistical and other journals and information available from any published or unpublished source available either within or outside the organization, all of which might be useful to the researcher. For the secondary data collection, researcher gathers the data from the reading of the related previous study, books, and journals and as well as articles. The secondary data also being gathered from the internet sources. Location of Study The focus of this study is on Malaysian manufacturing Industry that implements the Open Innovation approach. The location of research is narrowed further to the ICT, Automotive and electronics industries in Malaysia. The locations that are choose for this research is not specified because the firms of ICT, Automotive and Electronics in Malaysia are spread around. The random of respondents are selected based on the focus areas of study (ICT, Automotive and Electronics) to answer the research question related to the research study. The respondents are choosing from the different divisions of the firms. Research Strategy Based on (Saunders et al, 2012), research strategy is the general plan of how the researcher will go about to answering the research question of the topic. For this research study, the method used to gather the data collection is via the survey method. The details of research strategy are shows as follows: Survey Method On this research study, survey approach is used for data collection. The surveys will be distributed following the specified of sample to the respondents from the focus groups of the research topic. By using the survey method, the researcher can collect many different kinds of information related to the topic study and this method also quick, low cost compared to observation and experimental method. Preparing the Survey The research study is using the quantitative method where the survey is used to obtain the information and data. The question on the survey is constructed based on the research question and objectives of the study. This survey is conducted to identify the implementation of open innovation in ICT, automotive and electronics industry. The respondents are staff or employees from the industries. Survey research design The approach of using survey method is suitable for this research study for gathering descriptive information and data. For survey method there is several way of conducting the survey such as: 1. Structured surveys the formal list of questions use and asked all the respondents in the same way, 2. Unstructured surveys the researcher investigate the respondents and guide the interview according to respondents answers (Kothari, C.R., 1985). The survey research method also can be conducted either direct or indirect. The direct approach of survey is where the researcher asks direct questions about behavior and thought of the respondents. Meanwhile the indirect approach, the requester will asks indirect question and the researcher then may be able to discover the main point. Sampling Sample is a segment of population selected to represent the population as a whole. The researcher must determine the sample design for survey method based on type of information is needed, who will be the focus group and which sample size reliable for the result (large sample or small samples). For sampling, the researcher may select sample members randomly from the entire population (probability sample) or the researcher may select people who are easier to obtain information from the population (nonprobability). Reliability, validity and generalizability Reliability is the extent to which data collection technique or techniques will yield consistent findings, similar observations would be made or conclusions reached by other researchers or there is transparency in how sense was made from the raw data (Saunders, M. 2012). According to Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Andrian Thornhill (2012), generalizability is the extent to which the findings of a research study are applicable to other settings. Summary In summary, this chapter explains about the method used by the researcher in research study to obtain data and information. Researchers using quantitative method in this research study where the data and information are collected by the survey that distributed to the respondents and then the data will be analyze to obtain result. This chapter also includes the research design and research strategy also. The validity, generalizability and reliability of this research study is being discussed.